Data from the very first high-resolution observations demonstrated the potential of the time-distance local helioseismology that

allows imaging of the bulk motions on the meso-granulation to super-granulation scale well into the convection zone.The first

resultsshowed supergranulesto have a shallow structure with a depth to width ratio of 1:10.Softwarehasbeen developed to

identify and track supergranulation cells.Initial results show that half the cells are lost in 20 hours.We are currently construct-

ing high resolution data sets of 90 hours duration and will shortly have an initial estimate of the mechanisms for the evolution of

supergranulation.

Large-Scale Surface FlowsSearch for large-scale convection cells and associated thermal structures.

Both time-distance and ring analysis of this data have shown thatthere is a rotation shear in the top 0.5% of the Sun.Analysis

of fulldisk data using time distance methodshasshown thatdifferentialrotation differsin the north and south hemispheres,

confirming inferences from magnetic field pattern rotation. Comparison with the surface flows directly observed in the Doppler

signalshows nearly identicalflow patterns.

Active Region SeismologyMeasure the scattering and absorption of waves by active regions; search for wakes behind sunspots;

search for pre-eruptive magnetic fields. At solar minimum, it has not been possible to obtain sufficient data to advance this area

of study; further progress must await the accumulation of more active region data.Observations are currently underway.

Magnetic Evolution

MagneticFieldsDeterminehowthequietandactivemagneticfieldsevolveintimeandspace.Thelargescalepatternof

magnetic fieldsoverthe solar surfaceiswellexplained by a modelthattakesasitssource emerging active regionsand asits

distribution mechanismdiffusion and meridionalflow.The mechanismfor diffusion isthought to be supergranulation evolu-

tion.In quietSun magnetic fieldsareobserved everywhere.This field isdue to localemergencesthatmay notcontribute to

large scale field evolution, but do play a major role in heating of the outer atmosphere and generation of the solar wind.

A previously under-appreciated mechanism for renewal of the network field has emerged.Small magnetic bipolar flux element

pairs are continually emerging at random locations within supergranules.The elements are rapidly swept to the cell boundaries,

the two polaritiesmoving independently to differentsectionsof the network where they both canceland replace the existing

dominantpolarity.Thisprovidesa mechanismto refresh the dominantpolarity while atthe same time changing the photo-

spheric location of flux elements at a speed comparable to the horizontal flow speed rather than the much slower randomwalk

time.The entire network flux is rearranged in less than a day by this mechanism, and the total flux in the quiet Sun is replaced

in two to four days. There are profound implications for coronal heating.

At least 90% of the flux at minimum has an origin in local structures.It is now clear that this is not simply due to recycling of

existing flux.There is sufficient flux emerging on the scale of ephemeral regions that there must be some mechanism for local

generation. It is not presently clear if the continual rapid rearrangement of photospheric fields on supergranular scales is directly

connected with the continuousstreamof tiny CME's seen by LASCO or the jetsand brightening seen by CDSand SUMER.

However, cotemporal observations have been made and detailed analysis is in progress.

High cadence, multi-day series of magnetograms are leading to a new appreciation for the dynamics of magnetic field patterns.

A movie hasbeen prepared with the 96-minute cadence of full disk magnetograms from April to January.It clearly shows that

the solar magnetic field is continuously changing even atSolar minimum.

Summary of Status

Allof the helioseismology instrumentsaremeeting or exceeding their design goals.The duration of the observationshasnot

been long enough to discoverg-modes,but the solar noise levelin theg-mode band islower and flatter than anticipated.The

first year of observations has shown that the solar surface and the region ten to twenty thousand kilometers below the surface are

much more complex than previously thought.Therearerotationalshears,evidence for acircumpolar jet,largescaleflow

patterns, evidence for fluctuations in surface height,evidence that thep-mode excitation is very near the surface, and evidence

forlocal generation of magnetic fields.These surface phenomena are visible because of the seeing free and continuous viewing

thatSOHO provides. The new technique of time-distance helioseismology allowsimaging of a most interesting region where

the transition fromconvective to radiative transportoccurs.