The effects of solar driven electrodynamic processes on long-term atmospheric change will be identified.

Solar variability effects on ozone and other atmospheric constituents will be identified.

Key elements of the global electric circuit will be identified and understood.

The responses of atmospheric chemistry, thermal structure, and dynamics to natural and anthropogenic influences will be identified

The atmospheric energy budget will be measured

The effects of solar variability on the origin and evolution of life

Chemical, radiative, and dynamical middle atmospheric processes of importance to the biosphere will be identified.

Greater capability in predicting the evolution of Earth's atmosphere will be achieved.

Key solar-driven factors that govern the sustainability of life on Earth and other planets will be identified.

Ensuring the Safety of Humans in Space

CME images and interplanetary data from upstream of Earth will enable improved warning of solar particle events.

Interplanetary and magnetospheric satellites will warn astronauts of geomagnetic storms.

Improved observations and atmospheric models will enable real-time forecasting of orbiting debris risks.

Arrays of solar imagers and interplanetary monitors will provide the basis for long-rangeinterplanetary weather forecasts.

Protecting technological systems from space weather

Real-time solar wind data along with CME and magnetospheric imaging will enable geomagnetic storm forecasts.

Improved models of solar-atmospheric coupling will enable reliable real-time orbit predictions.

Short- and long-term variations in trapped radiation intensities will be forecast.

Ionospheric disturbances that can affect communication will be monitored and forecast in real time.